Empress Dowager Cixi, a powerful figure in Chinese history, had a deep affection for dogs. Inside the Forbidden City, she kept an impressive number, reportedly over a thousand dogs. Among her favorites were three breeds: the Pekingese, the Shih Tzu, and the Pug. In an unprecedented move, she even established a system where these dogs received stipends and assigned eunuchs specifically to care for them, these eunuchs were known as "dog supervisors".
While many know Empress Dowager Cixi for her regency, she was a complex and controversial woman. Despite her stern reputation in politics, she displayed a softer side towards her canine companions. Within the confines of the palace, these dogs served as her silent confidants, offering solace from the loneliness of her position. These pampered dogs lived a life of luxury, with special meals prepared for them and silver bowls for dining. They were attended to by servants and adorned in custom-made imperial clothing of fine silk. Ironically, this era saw animals being treated better than people, possibly contributing to the Qing Dynasty's decline.
The Breeds Favored by Empress Dowager Cixi
Let's explore the three breeds that held a special place in the heart of Empress Dowager Cixi:
1. Pekingese
The Pekingese, often called the "Lion Dog" in imperial circles, was a particular favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi. Known for their long, flowing coats, which come in various colors, Pekingese dogs are expressive and love to interact with people. Their affectionate nature made them a perfect companion for the Empress.
2. Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is believed to be a cross between the Pekingese and the Lhasa Apso. These dogs are characterized by their long, luxurious coats, setting them apart from other breeds. They possess an air of nobility and elegance, which likely appealed to Empress Dowager Cixi. Their seemingly haughty demeanor and regal appearance made them a fitting choice for the imperial court.
3. Pug
Pugs are affectionate and clingy small dogs that are known to be very clean. They are enthusiastic and great companion dogs. Pugs are intelligent and able to learn tricks to please their masters. This made them very popular in the Empress’s court.