Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in cats often presents with subtle symptoms initially. However, as the cat ages, you might observe increased thirst and urination. If your cat is diagnosed with PKD, a diet of specialized renal prescription food, either kibble or canned, is crucial.
The cysts associated with feline PKD are typically asymptomatic in the early stages. As cats get older the cysts grow in size, eventually compressing the kidney tissue and leading to irreversible kidney failure. This can manifest as increased water intake (polydipsia), increased urination (polyuria), lethargy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Feline PKD is a hereditary condition, present from birth, and is commonly observed in Persian cats and related breeds. This genetic predisposition makes early detection and management particularly important for these breeds.
Dietary management is key for cats with PKD. Feeding a renal prescription diet, either dry or wet, is often recommended. It is important to avoid foods high in salt and fats. If PKD progresses to kidney failure, your cat may experience symptoms like vomiting, anorexia, and depression. The treatment for kidney failure mainly involves intravenous fluid therapy, antiemetics to control vomiting, diagnosis of the underlying cause of the kidney failure, and targeted treatment to stimulate appetite. This approach aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve the cat's quality of life.
Preventing Kidney Failure in Cats
Exposure to toxins, ischemia (reduced blood flow), and dehydration are common causes of acute kidney failure. To protect your cat, ensure they do not have access to toxic substances such as lilies and antifreeze. Exercise caution when using aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin and amikacin, always ensuring your cat is well-hydrated and has good blood circulation before and during administration. Encourage your cat to drink plenty of water. Regular check-ups are also essential for early detection of potential kidney issues, allowing for proactive management and potentially slowing the progression of kidney disease. Consider providing multiple fresh water sources around your home to encourage healthy hydration habits for your cat. Monitoring your cat's drinking and urination habits can also be important in identifying potential issues early on.